มะเขือเทศ
- ข้อมูลทั่วไป
มะเขือเทศเป็นพชืที่เจรฺญเติบโตได้ดีในทุกสภาวะภูมิอากาศ ไม่ขึ้นกับช่วงแสงหรือฤดูกาล, and can be cultivated in every season. The limits are regarding temperature, in particular the influence of the night temperatures on fruit-set, therefore in cold regions, tomatoes should be grown in the summer or in greenhouses. The optimal temperature is 14-17ฐ at night, and 23ฐ during the day. Temperatures of 20ฐ-24ฐ are the best in order to acquire a red colour. In temperatures above 40ฐ, the tomato remains yellow.
Today, there are hundreds of different varieties for various purposes. Roughly speaking, they are divided into three groups:
(1) Terminating plant
(2)Semi- terminating plant
(3) Non-terminating plant. The varieties for the first group are for processing tomatoes where it is important to harvest the whole crop at one time. The second group pertains to large field varieties which are not trellised, or low tunnels which bear fruit during a short season. The third group pertains to varieties which grow in greenhouses or by trellising in the open fields where the fruiting producing is particularly long.
- Data
- Soil
The tomato can grow in any kind of soil, but the main problem is various diseases, therefore it is recommended to maintain seed cycles, or to disinfect the soil every year. Desirable pH is 5-7.5
- Water
The recommendations are according to the pan evaporation factor connected to the foliage cover according to the age of the plant. Until flowering, variable 0.5, until beginning of fruit-set 0.8,until the end 0.9.
The quantity of water is according to the season. The tomato is relatively resistant to saline water.
- Fertilizer
According to the daily requirements and according to the age of the plant.
| Fertilizer |
Until flowering |
Until initial fruit-set |
Until end initial fruit-set |
Until harvesting |
| 1Kg Nitrogen / hectare / day |
2.0 |
2.5 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
| 1Kg Phosphorous / hectare / day |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.35 |
0.2 |
| 1Kg Potassium / hectare / day |
3.0 |
3.75 |
3.0 |
1.25 |
- Irrigation and fertilization plan according to daily growth
| Days |
Sowing-21 |
21-45 |
46-70 |
71-110 |
110 - end |
Condensation
Factor |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1Kg Nitrogen/
hectare/day |
1.2 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
1Kg Phosphorous/
hectare/day
| 0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.35 |
0.2 |
1Kg Potassium/
hectare/day |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.75 |
3.0 |
1.5 |
- Spacing
There are no set recommendations, usually in open ground, two pairs on a bed of 2m, in greenhouses 1.4-1.6m between each row. This distance is correct also for trellising and in low tunnels.
- Density
The distance between plant per row is 30-50 cm, and therefore the amount of plants is 12,000-30,000 per hectare.
- Growing Seasons
According to temperature only, can grow if the temperature requirements are sufficient all year round.
- Nurseries
Can be sown directly into the soil, customary to sow in greenhouses and trellis, and also in low tunnels.
- Countries where grown
Grows in most parts of the world however, the limit is the growing seasons.
- Netafim's Recommendations
Distance between laterals a lateral per row, where sowing and planting is performed in pairs. The recommended distance between pairs is 0.5 m, where the lateral is in the middle, and in this case, two rows per bed.
Distance between drippers - usually 0.5-1.0 m, and it is possible to use all types of drippers, and all flow rates.
Irrigation cycles - according to the type of soil. In light soil, 1-2 irrigations daily, and in heavy soil - twice weekly.
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